Your heart is normally the size of a clenched fist, though a number of illnesses can enlarge the muscle. It is responsible for pumping blood to your other organs throughout your body. If anything interrupts or affects its ability to pump blood, you can potentially suffer heart attack or heart failure.
Your heartbeat regulates the muscle’s pumping activity. That beat is controlled by electrical impulses that begin in the sinus node. The impulses travel from the top of the right atrium downward into the ventricles. As the electrical signals travel, they cause the four chambers of your heart (two atria and two ventricles) to contract and push blood into your circulatory system.
In this article, we’ll explore your heart’s function by first looking at the exterior and interior anatomy of the muscle. We’ll then explore how blood flows through the chambers and out into your body.
Exterior And Interior Anatomy
As implied above, your heart is comprised of four distinct chambers. The two upper chambers are called atria and the two lower chambers are called ventricles. Your right ventricle sends blood to your lungs to be oxygenated. While blood is in your lungs, carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. Oxygenated blood arrives in your left atrium from your lungs. The blood is pumped from your left atrium into your left ventricle before being distributed throughout your body.
The largest veins in your body are called the vena cava. They are located behind the right side of your heart. They form the passageways through which oxygen-poor blood returns to your heart from the rest of your body. The inferior vena cava returns blood from your lower body while the superior vena cava returns blood from your upper body. The blood is delivered into the right atrium before being pumped into the right ventricle. From there, it goes back into your lungs.
Heartbeats, Valves, And The Flow Of Blood
Your heartbeat is the result of the muscle’s electrical system. The aforementioned impulses generated by the sinus node spread downward, triggering the cells within the walls of your heart’s chambers. The atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles. The electrical impulses then travels across the ventricles, triggering contractions that pump the blood outward.
There are valves located between your atria and ventricles that help to regulate the flow of blood between them. A tricuspid valve is located between your right atrium and right ventricle. A mitral valve is between the left atria and ventricle. Once either atrium has filled with blood, its respective valve opens as the electrical impulse causes the atrium to contract. As the blood flows into its corresponding ventricle, the valve closes to prevent backflow.
There are also valves that control the outflow of blood from the ventricles. A pulmonary valve opens as the right ventricle contracts, allowing blood to flow through the pulmonary artery and into the lungs. An aortic valve opens as the left ventricle contracts, allowing blood to flow into the aorta.
Through this symphony of electrical impulses, heartbeats, blood vessels, chambers, and valves, your heart sends blood to your body’s organs.
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